Last modified March 06, 2018. After the death of Leo IV in 1341 his cousin was elected to succeed him as Constantine II, the first king of the Lusignan dynasty. Armenia under turkish rule In May or June 451 CE at the Battle of Avarayr (Avarair) in modern Iran, the Armenians rebelled against oppression and faced a massive Persian army. Abdicated and became regent for Leo III, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 07:03. Ultimately, Armenia was made a province of the Roman Empire and administered alongside Cappadocia. However, the Seleucid king Antiochus III (r. 222-187 BCE) reasserted control over Armenia and notably extracted 300 talents of silver and 1,000 horses for his armies as they passed through the region on their way to suppress the Parthians. Following the rise of Alexander the Great, Armenia was formally annexed by Macedon, and in 330 BCE Armavir was made the capital (the former Urartian city of Argishtihinili). Then did I send an army unto Babylon. After the death of his kinsman, Constantine IV sought an alliance with the Sultan of Egypt, whom Peter had made an enemy. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Marble bust of King Varazdat by sculptor Levon Tokmajyan installed in Olympia, Greece, in 1998. 14mm 0.51 g Obverse: Crowned facing bust. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Ancient History Encyclopedia. In 405 CE the Armenian alphabet was invented by Mesrop Mashtots and the Bible translated into that language, helping to further spread and entrench Christianity in Armenia. The Urartu kingdom came to a violent end when sometime between c. 640 and c. 590 BCE its cities were destroyed. Tiridates the Great set about centralising his kingdom and reorganising the provinces and their governors. Weakened by decades of battles with the Assyrians, it may have been too overstretched to control its own empire. There had been rumblings of discontent amongst the Armenian nobility and clergy following Persian cultural imperialism, but matters really came to a head with the succession of the Persian king Yazdgird (Yazdagerd) II in c. 439 CE. Once the ruling house of Arsacid fell, the Mamikonians were left to dominate state affairs within the limitations imposed by their Persian overlords. It was now agreed that Parthia had the right to nominate Armenian kings but Rome the right to crown them. The 6,000 or so Armenians were led by Vardan Mamikonian, but unfortunately for them, help from the Christian Byzantine Empire was not forthcoming despite an embassy sent for that purpose. One of the greatest of Artaxiad kings, or indeed any Armenian king, was Tigranes II (Tigran II) or Tigranes the Great (r. c. 95 - c. 56 BCE). Tigranes allied himself with Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus (r. 120-63 BCE) whose daughter he married. Half of the Royal Houses of Europe are descended from Byzantine Emperors. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. It was Sames (r. c. 260-240 BCE) who founded the important city of Samosata (Shamshat). [1] It was initially founded by the Rubenian dynasty, an offshoot of the larger Bagratid family that at various times held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia. Additionally, we have recently examined the toponyms of Armenia and Urartu, as well as recent genetic evidence discovered in the bones of ancient Urartians, which matches the genetic profile of modern Armenians. The first rebellion was led by Nidintu-Bêl, but it was violently suppressed by Darius the Great. Required fields are marked *. […], Your email address will not be published. This ends the reign of the Haykazuni dynasty. Representing the Sasanian king, the marzpans had full civilian and military authority. Since you are asking for descendants of the last Armenian royals, then I would propose the descendants of Rita (1278-1333), daughter of Leo II, renamed Maria upon her wedding Michael IX Palaeologus. Tiridates IV may also have adopted Christianity for internal political reasons - the end of the pagan religion was a fine excuse to confiscate the old temple treasuries and a monotheistic religion with the monarch as God's representative on earth might well instil greater loyalties from his nobles, the nakharars, and people in general. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. The last independent Babylonian king was an Armenian named Arakha, also known as Nebuchadnezzar IV. A Concise History of the Armenian People: From Ancient Times to the... History of Armenia: A Captivating Guide to Armenian History, Starting... Tigranes the Great: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Empire. After the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC, Babylonians attempted to rebel against their Persian conquerors several times. The Assyrian ruler Tiglath-Pileser III (r. 745-727 BCE) was especially aggressive, and he laid siege to Tushpa. Persia installed marzpan rulers in their half of the country (Persarmenia) from 428 CE. From 321 BCE the Seleucids governed the Asian portion of Alexander’s empire after the young leader’s death, leading to a certain Hellenization, which created a rich cultural mix of Armenian, Persian, and Greek elements. Today, Armenians say “Astvats-ta”, meaning “God give”, so it is entirely possible that Armenians said “Haldi-ta” back in the days when they worshiped Haldi. By the end of the 6th century CE, Persia and the Byzantine Empire created yet another division which saw Byzantium acquire two-thirds of Armenia. The perpetrators are not known, but the Scythians are one candidate, the Cimmerians another, and even possibly forces from within the territories administered by the Urartu kings. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Peace brought prosperity and trade flourished as Artashat became an important trading point between the Byzantine and Persian Empires. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchs_of_the_Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia&oldid=981930993, Monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Articles with Armenian-language sources (hy), Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Recalled Hethoum II, with whom he became co-ruler, Reclaimed throne. His successor, following the king’s murder, was the founder of the next dynasty to dominate Armenia in the coming centuries, King Artaxias I (Artashes) who was backed and made a direct satrap by Antiochus III, probably in a move to reduce the trend of Armenian independence in recent decades. Armenia’s geographical position would, yet again, cause its downfall. Empire of Tigranes the Greatby www.armenica.org (CC BY-SA). Thus, Persian culture, language and political practices were introduced into ancient Armenia which still maintained its own Urartian traditions, too. A game of musical thrones then followed with first a Roman-backed king in Armenia, and then a Parthian-backed candidate until a new family took over the throne in 12 CE, the Arsacid (Arshakuni) dynasty. At a place called Dubâla, he lied unto the people, saying: ‘I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus.’ Then did the Babylonian people revolt from me and they went over to that Arakha. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 06 March 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Levon V. Billon Denier. Indeed, even the Armenian rulers struggled to control the powerful local lords, known as nakharars and forming a hereditary nobility, such was the “feudal” nature of the region at this time. The mid-9th-century BCE king Ishpuini promoted Haldi (Khaldi) to the head of the gods, a deity of foreign origin and associated with warfare. The Sasanids won several major victories against Rome in this period, but the Romans were resurgent in the 4th century CE. There was a greater threat from outside Armenia though, as the Sasanids again became more ambitious to rule directly over Armenia and made attacks on Armenian cities.
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