1-Introduction to Four Theories of the Press We will use the Four Theories of Press to explain the different media systems. However, the Social-Responsibility Theory does not assume that anyone can use the media to publish anything like the Libertarian Theory. The theory also sees people as rational enough to decide what is good or bad and hence the press should not restrict anything. You may use it, trade it, dispose of it however, whenever, wherever, and with whomever. (Tiffany Gabbay, 2012). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. (Tiffany Gabbay, 2012). Until 2011, the Burmese media has always portrayed itself as supportive of the country’s previous military junta. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. https://rahmanjmc.wordpress.com/2015/05/10/four-theories-of-the-press/, Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication, Difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal communication. We will use the Four Theories of Press to explain the different media systems. In 2011, the finnish press was ranked as “freest in the world” according to Freedom House, an organisation promoting freedom around the world. Even negative contents may provide audiences with knowledge. Pravda reported about the incident only two days later after constant urging from Sweden. From June 2011, half of Myanmar’s privately owned publications were allowed to published without submitting page proofs to censors in advance. Pravda reported about the incident only two days later after constant urging from Sweden. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. News reports gushed over generals, attacked foreign media, and remain uncritical of it’s military leadership. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Privately run news publications published weekly rather than daily due to Myanmar’s stifling censorship requirements (Committee to Protect Journalists, 2006). Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. ( Log Out /  Under the Social-Responsibility Theory, ownership of media is mostly private and practice self-regulation according to standards, codes and guiding principles. We will use the Four Theories of Press to explain the different media systems. Personal freedom is what libertarians believe in though they also believe in social responsibility. The media’s authority falls in the hands of a small group of party leaders. One example is the North Korean media. Under an Authoritarian media system, ownership of the media can be either public or private. The North Korean media is very much- if not, entirely, controlled by the government. The media is also expected to represent the diversity of cultures they represent, and should have high standards for professionalism, truth, and accuracy. Soviet-Communist Theory ( Log Out /  Also under the Soviet-Communist system, the media reports less on the bad things that happen under communism, and emphasizes the bad things that happen in democratic areas (David McHam’s Communication Law Center, undated). Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Soviet-Communist Theory The Soviet-Communist Theory originated from the Soviet Union from Marxist, Leninist, and Stalinist … We will use the Four Theories of Press to explain the different media systems. The Authoritarian Theory However, North Korea has shown signs of opening-up in recent years, and it’s media is used more to maintain societal status quo instead of bringing about changes and hence, North Korean’s media is currently leaning further towards an Authoritarian media system. For example, the government suppressed news of a famine that affected millions of people (Committee to Protect Journalists, 2006). The Authoritarian Theory is operationalized as strict control of content by the state and a general lack of freedom for the public to criticize state policies (Jennifer Ostini, undated). Media as an enterprise holds a unique status ­ from one way it is like an industry which gives its An example of a country whose media system applies the Libertarian Theory would be Finland. Authoritarian theory is developed in the 16th and 17th century in England. Four theories of the press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do. The USA has a Bill of Rights that states that the “Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or the press.” (Lorne W. Craner, 2008). The theory came from the libertarian thoughts of Europe during the 16 th century after the invention of printing press and after the press movement. The Libertarian Theory originally came from liberal thought in Europe from the 16th Century. The North Korean media is very much- if not, entirely, controlled by the government. Social Responsibility: This concept, a product of mid-twentieth century America, is said by its proponents to have its roots in liberta­rian theory. Other countries whose media are practicing the Authoritarian Theory include: North Korea, China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. However, recently, with the uprise of democracy in Myanmar and transition to a civilian government, the burmese media has been walking away from it’s extreme authoritarian approach, releasing imprisoned journalists. The four theories are: The Authoritarian Theory, The Libertarian Theory, Soviet-Communist Theory, and Social-Responsibility Theory. Authoritarian theory is developed in the 16th and 17th century in England. This bill entitles the media to freedom and at the same time, put across a trust the congress has for the media to be responsible for its freedom. APA. Social responsibility theory Press has a right to criticize the government and otherinstitutions but it also has a responsibility to preserve democracy byproperly informing the public. 1-Introduction to Four Theories of the Press. The role of the media in countries applying the Soviet-Communist Theory is to act as an instrument of the ruling party to unite people of the state, and to carry out plans of the party and state, bringing about societal change. The media is relatively free of arbitrary government controls. Retrieved 18 April 2020, from https://rahmanjmc.wordpress.com/2015/05/10/four-theories-of-the-press/ The media’s authority falls in the hands of a small group of party leaders. Under the Libertarian Theory, the media’s purpose is to inform, entertain, sell, and serve as a “watchdog”, keeping the government in check. However, the different media can retain a liberal notion of healthy public disclosure. Other countries whose media are practicing the Authoritarian Theory include: North Korea, China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. The four theories are: The Authoritarian Theory, The Libertarian Theory, Soviet-Communist Theory, and Social-Responsibility Theory. Technically, currently, no country’s media is fully under the Soviet-Communist system. ( Log Out /  Also, the government will allow private daily newspapers from April next year (Aung Hla Tun, 2012). Corporate social responsibility, often called simply CSR, refers to doing business in ways that benefit, rather than harm, society and the environment. Learn how your comment data is processed. Another difference is that while the Authoritarian medias are mainly use to maintain societal status quo, a Soviet-Communist media is often used to bring about societal  changes. Under the Soviet-Communist Theory, the state owns or in some way controls all forms of mass media directly. The Authoritarian Theory describes the situation where states view the mass media as an instrument at all ties. Also, the internet is open and unrestricted, with around 89.4 percent of citizens having regular access in 2011 (Freedom House, 2012). For example, when the Russian’s media was still under the Soviet-Communist system, the official communist paper “Pravda” portrayed the ideology that “Communist is good” by praising Stalin’s non-aggression pact with Hitler, and avoided reporting about the Chernobyl disaster as it may raise concerns about the safety of Soviet nuclear plant. Other countries whose media apply the Libertarian Theory include: The Netherlands, and to a lesser extent, Hungary. A libertarian is dead against any governmental interference in personal or business decisions of citizens. ( Log Out /  For a really long time, there were no independent journalists in North Korea, radio and television receivers are locked to government-specified frequencies. Change ). The media also covers up on the negative things that happen under the communist leadership, not revealing the dangers and hardships North Koreans faced. In the past, the Burmese media has been under an Authoritarian system. ( Log Out /  Stiff censorship regulations were in place as well, and only state-controlled newspapers, usually propaganda-filled, are allowed to publish daily.

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