The catastrophic bushfires in Australia have also affected New Zealand. Soil erosion due to water is the most serious land degradation problem in India. It causes land degradation through huge loss of top fertile soil along with plant nutrients through runoff water. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of . Estimates suggest that one-third of the world’s arable land has been lost through soil erosion and degradation since 1960. The effects of demographic pressure and unsustainable land management practices on land degradation and desertification are being exacerbated worldwide due to the effects of climate change, which include (but are not limited to) changing rainfall patterns, increased frequency and intensity of … This has been caused by many interacting threats, including land clearance and ecosystem degradation. Rabbits can cause damage by: Rabbits can cause damage by: overgrazing native and sown pastures, leading to loss of plant biodiversity and reduced crop yields Excessive land clearing, overgrazing and inappropriate irrigation systems have all led to many areas of rural Australia suffering land degradation in the form of massive soil erosion, soil salinity and waterlogging. Rural Land Degradation takes a rigorous scientific approach, looking at the nature and process of land degradation, its causes and effects. Patrick Bitonder Birungi . However, changes in land use without sustainability approach can cause negative effects on the environment. Current rates of soil erosion by water across much of Australia now exceed soil formation rates by an order of magnitude or more. There are several forms of soil degradation in Australia. Land degradation affects humans in multiple ways, 16 interacting with social, political, cultural and economic aspects, including markets, technology, 17 inequality and demographic change ( … Land Degradation in Australia is caused by many factors such as wind erosion, water erosion, soil fertility decline, soil salinity, soil salinity and soil acidification. Just 50% of Australia’s forests and bushlands remain intact compared with pre-European arrival. Australia has one of the lowest levels of severe land degradation resulting from agriculture, currently standing at 3 per cent of total arable land. The major types of land degradation are soil ero-sion, soil salinity, soil acidity and soil contamination. Land and Soil Degradation Assessment 1951 Words | 8 Pages. 2.1. Competition and land degradation by rabbits is listed as a key threatening process in Australia 4. erosion and loss of nutrients), waterways and coastal regions (e.g. 1 Introduction Land and soil degradation assessments have recently become more fashionable responding to environmental concerns particularly in industrial countries, following the lead in developing countries that have claimed significant effects of land degradation on their agricultural production and food security. In Australia, sediment, nutrient and pesticide pollution from run-off is threatening the health and resilience of the Great Barrier Reef. Research into the causes of land degradation 4.1. All of these problems occur due the removal of natural vegetation and other factors. Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) estimates that land degradation costs about $1 billion annually. Land Degradation . Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. Cultivating Steep Slopes 4.2. The study focuses on extensive farming systems in Water erosion, wind erosion, loss of vegetation, and salinity are the major causes of land degradation with slightly more than 50 percent of the total rural land area requiring some form of treatment because of these problems (6). The most authoritative estimates of the extent of land degradation are contained in a report on South Asia prepared by UNDP, UNEP and FAO (Land Degradation in South Asia: its severity, causes and effects upon the people, Rome, FAO, 1994).Water erosion is the most common form of degradation in the area, affecting 25 percent of agricultural land. The land degradation processes include soil erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, desertification and soil acidification or alkalinisation. [3] Causes Overgrazing by livestock can lead to land degradation Land degradation is a … As a result, the expected half-life of soils (the time for half the soil to be eroded) in some upland areas used for agriculture has declined to merely decades. Land degradation can cause physical, chemical and biological changes to an environment. sedimentation and pollution). However, 60 per cent of the landmass is affected by some form of human-induced degradation caused mainly by wind and water erosion. Many of these plants—such as coffee, cotton, palm oil, soybean and wheat—can actually exacerbate soil erosion. Australia is in the midst of a deforestation and land clearing crisis, with an MCG-sized area of forests and bushlands destroyed every two minutes. Arable land is any land that can be used to grow crops. This includes the loss of topsoil, the loss of vegetation and increasing soil salinity. Torres Strait Islanders are noticing visible changes to their land, including erosion, rough seas and higher storm frequency, according to former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Tom Calma. There are six major causes of land degradation in Calabar South, they include; deforestation, shortage of land due to increased populations, poor land use, insecure land tenure, inappropriate land management practices and poverty, problems of valuation, and even of assigning causality, make it impossible to compute accurate benefit-cost ratios for reducing land degradation. Desertification in the West Sahel 4.3. Land Degradation in Australia is caused by many factors such as wind erosion, water erosion, soil fertility decline, soil salinity, soil salinity and soil acidification. Land degradation affects humans in multiple ways, 16 interacting with social, political, cultural and economic aspects, including markets, technology, 17 inequality and demographic change ( … India leads in livestock population in the world. Desertification is a type of land degradation that occurs in dry-land ecosystems that occurs. LAL, R. 1996. Effects of Land Degradation How To Reduce Land Degradation Climate Change Soil Erosion Degradation Occurs Measures for land Degradation Causes: Urban Sprawl Causes: Dumping of Trash Causes: Land … Forest degradation occurs when the ecosystem functions of the forest are degraded but where the area remains forested rather cleared (Anon., 2010). Land clearing in South Australia between 2010 and 2018, where one tree represents 1,000 hectares. Land clearing is a fundamental pressure on the environment. Most of the soil is lost through the surface runoff. Vast efforts have been made, by individual farmers, national governments and through international development assistance, to counteract the cycle of poverty and land degradation by research and development of improved technology. It is estimated that up to 40% of the world 's agricultural land is seriously degraded. Land degradation is any change in the condition of the land which reduces its productive potential. These benefits provide strong incentives for landholders to clear the land. Land is unstable if the degrading influences are still active, as the condition of the land will continue to decline. Overgrazing of livestock and removal of vegetation and natural windbreaks have escalated this natural phenomenon. Land clearance greatly impacts on the health of rivers and coastal ecosystems. The forms of land degradation 3.1. Name and description of the key threatening process Name 'Clearing and degradation of lowland forest, feather palm swamps, freshwater wetlands, grassland ecosystems, littoral rainforest and other ecosystems, along the eastern seaboard (coastal lowlands) bioregions of Queensland due to sugar cane farming and expansion'. Some per­ ceivethat land degradation poses a potential threatto global food supplies over the long term (Pimentel et al.
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