Coronavirus outbreak New self-swab COVID-19 test is just as accurate, study finds. When it comes to diagnosing COVID-19, which is more effective: nasal swab testing or saliva testing? The PCR tests, in which a sample is collected with a deep nasal swab, have a higher sensitivity to detect the coronavirus. In April, the FDA authorized those tests with the caveat that they were only to be used on people who showed COVID symptoms within the prior two weeks. FDA Approves Use of Pfizer's COVID-19 Vaccine for 12-15 year olds. Officials at SUNY Upstate Medical University have developed a COVID-19 test that is more accurate, less invasive and cheaper than nasal swab tests. A positive test means you likely have COVID-19. HIV is usually diagnosed through a blood test. This was also shown in our recent study, which compared saliva and nasal swabs in more than 600 adults presenting to a COVID-19 screening clinic. COVID-19 testing involves analyzing samples to assess the current or past presence of SARS-CoV-2.The two main branches detect either the presence of the virus or of antibodies produced in response to infection. Find here Corona Test Kit, Rapid test kit for corona manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India. As with all swabs, only grasp the swab by the distal end of the swab, using gloved hands only. The oral rinse was only 63% effective at … They note that the tests are easier and … According to a pathologist in Beijing, “adding anal swab test to traditional COVID-19 testing can raise the rate of identifying infected people and help control the infection spread. For those wanting to get tested for COVID-19, there’s a few ways to go about it. A new coronavirus test can get accurate results from a saliva sample in less than 30 minutes, researchers report in the journal Nature Communications.Many of the components of the hand-held device used in this technology can be 3D-printed, and the test can detect as little as one viral particle per 1-microliter drop of fluid. Removed specifying use of nasopharyngeal swab collection for the test-based strategy and linked to the Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), so that the most current … Listen. But these tests aren’t yet as accurate as tests using nasal swabs. A self-collected saliva sample is as good at detecting COVID-19 as a nasal swab administered by a health care worker -- without exposing medical staff to the virus while collecting the sample. It’s also referred to as a saliva drug test or oral fluids drug test. Saliva NAAT represents an attractive alternative, but … The Philippine Red Cross (PRC) said on Monday that the saliva reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 was as accurate as swab testing. TUESDAY, April 28, 2020 -- Testing for the COVID-19 coronavirus can be an unpleasant affair, with a doctor or nurse shoving a cotton swab deep into your nasal cavity to get a good sample.. The In-Store PCR COVID-19 service is completed by a member of staff and is a swab test. Dr. Senu Apewokin, an infectious disease specialist from the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, says there’s a 60-70% accuracy rate for the COVID-19 nose swab test. The nasal swab PCR test is the current "gold standard" for diagnosing an active case of COVID-19. ... -- A new Yale university study says saliva samples are better than the deep nasal swabs in testing for the coronavirus. Current notification time for the saliva test is only six to 12 hours whereas turnaround time for currently available tests is around two to three days, or longer. Self-collected COVID-19 nasal swab sample will be shipped to the KPMAS Regional Laboratory, Rockville, MD overnight via FedEx for testing. By Dennis Thompson HealthDay Reporter. The SFDPH does not recommend the use of serologic tests to diagnose or exclude COVID-19 infection, and results from these tests should not be used as the sole basis for treatment or patient management decisions.6 At present, the use of serological tests Detection Periods The presence of drugs of abuse in an individual’s system can last for up to 90 days, but mouth swab drug tests will only detect a drug presence within a few hours. The test provider is of your choice, and costs may vary by provider. If you think you have COVID-19 and need a test, ... Saliva samples are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab. The swab administered through the nose and saliva had a result agreement of 97.7%, with sensitivity of 94.1%. When patients are self-collecting swabs under clinical supervision: Hand a swab to the patient only while wearing a clean set of protective gloves. However, several recent papers suggested that saliva-based testing is a promising alternative that could simplify and accelerate COVID-19 … The final meta-analysis was … Hillsborough County has begun to use faster mouth swabs instead of nose swabs. More health officials are starting to use salt water kits to test for the coronavirus. Other collection methods have also been introduced for different COVID-19 tests, including nasal swabs, saliva, and oral rinses. Saliva Equals Nasal Swab for COVID Test Accuracy. Nasal and throat swabs will likely continue to be the gold standard for COVID-19 testing in the U.S. due to their accessibility, accuracy, and convenience. If you test positive, it's probably correct: Antigen tests are highly accurate. The Biomerica COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test was engineered for near-patient, point-of-care settings. Saliva is the main bodily fluid which causes the spread of COVID-19. Background: COVID-19 is a serious and potentially deadly disease. The anecdotes we’ve been hearing about COVID-19 testing have been pretty grim: long lines, a painful nasal swab, an agonizing wait to get your results. Compared to the deep nasopharyngeal swabs, these methods may be easier and more comfortable to administer. The warning does not say there is a flaw in the test… The swab also might tickle the vagus nerve momentarily, causing a gag reflex. In one study from UCLA, oral fluid and nasal swab specimens performed similarly when detecting covid-19, but a third of infected individuals who … Symptoms of strep throat are similar to other conditions, and this quick test can easily rule out other causes of a sore throat. Saliva is one of our biggest foes in the COVID-19 pandemic, because of its role in spreading the virus. A Rapid strep test is used to quickly diagnose streptococcus infections. The swabs that gave COVID-19 testing its reputation are the nasopharyngeal swabs. The FDA-authorized saliva test for individuals complements Upstate Medical's and Quadrant's innovative pool testing, which allows for about 10 to 25 people to be screened in one COVID-19 test. How accurate are COVID tests? In April, the FDA authorized those tests with the caveat that they were only to be used on people who showed COVID symptoms within the prior two weeks. That test … … How accurate are COVID-19 swab tests? Following the instructions, the patient drops six drops of reagent fluid onto the test … A new saliva-based test has been found to accurately detect the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, from small samples of saliva… Nine hours away in her home state of Arkansas, WCPO reporter Raven Richard's mom, dad, and brother have COVID-19 right now. The FDA has recently issued emergency use authorization for saliva-based tests for clinical use based on a high level of accuracy that’s comparable to COVID-19 nasal swab testing. It is possible to test for Covid-19 using saliva samples. Viral loads for all samples ranged from 36 to 3.3 × 10 6 copies/mL. Vaccines are free and available throughout the state for people 12 and older. ... be as accurate as swab tests, he sees a great need. But who actually needs coronavirus testing, and what types of tests are most accurate? What should I do if I'm experiencing severe symptoms of coronavirus? An oral fluid drug test will determine if one or a combination of drugs came into contact with the fluid specimens through ingestion. The Curative oral-fluid swab test is an alternative method to nasopharyngeal (NP) or nasal swabs in testing for COVID-19. Saliva swabs detect more in our bodies. A new saliva-based test for COVID-19 has been given the go-ahead by the Food and Drug Administration and is available in some places. Watch the instructional video here: de.gov/testing. No proof that nasal swabs, the preferred COVID test, are ‘implanting something’ If Your Time is short Nasal swabs are preferred over mouth swabs as a more accurate way of testing for COVID … Data ... Is the mouth swab test accurate? The study, conducted with … How do I do the COVID-19 Oral Swab Test? This is why the RT-PCR Test used in clinical routine for detection of COVID-19 is not indicated for COVID-19 diagnosis on a regulatory basis. Watch the instructional video here: de.gov/testing. Page 1 of 3 . We aimed to test the sensitivity of naso-oropharyngeal saliva and self-administered nasal (SN) swab compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for COVID-19 testing in … The same guidelines should be used for both of the spitting/coughing out and oral swab approaches. Overall, 12 (10.9%) saliva and 14 (12.7%) nasal and throat swab specimens of 110 paired samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This has never been more true than it is now, given the attention on COVID-19 testing and its role in helping to halt the spread of COVID-19. The positive predictive values and accuracy of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 were higher in patients aged 60 years or older than in those younger than 60 years (P = .001 and .009, respectively); and no difference existed for sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (P = .40, .41, and .58, respectively). Last updated on July 10, 2020. As COVID-19 testing continues, we are seeing a variety of ways of getting results. Doctors explain whether you should ever doubt a COVID-19 test result, and the very best types of tests to get. Healthcare workers test residents as dozens of vehicles line up for drive-thru COVID-19 testing at Raymond James Stadium. But none of them tested positive at the same time. If you take a rapid COVID antigen test 5 to 7 days after you develop symptoms, you may not have enough antigens for the test to detect them and you may get a false-negative result. "The current pandemic has placed a significant strain on the supply chain, from swabs to the personal protective equipment [PPE] health care workers need to safely collect samples," explained … Michael Tee, lead researcher for the saliva test, said the new procedure was 98.23-percent accurate compared with the RT-PCR swab test, which had a 99-percent accuracy rate. Get tested if you have symptoms of COVID-19 or have been exposed to someone who tested positive for COVID-19. Get contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying Corona Test Kit, Rapid test kit for corona, Coronovirus Test Kit across India. Researchers say new saliva tests are nearly as accurate as throat and nasal swabs to detect COVID-19. Saliva tests typically require patients to spit into a tube, making them far less invasive than the current nose and throat swab collection methods for COVID-19. If you think you have COVID-19 and need a test, ... Saliva samples are collected by spitting into a tube rather than using a nose or throat swab. The oral fluid sampling method tests for the presence of virus in both the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Testing saliva for coronavirus infections gives results that are at least as accurate as nasal swabs, the current gold standard for Covid-19 screenings, a Yale study found. A recent laboratory study found that different COVID-19 testing kits correctly detected COVID-19 in samples more than 95% (and frequently 100%) of the time. Type: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) testing by PCR assay Method: Nasal/Throat Swab Kit: Postal pack to complete at home Results: Typically in 4-6 days from order placement Accuracy: 100% Specificity & 98% Sensitivity When: following onset of symptoms To understand testing methods, it is helpful to understand the structure of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19. The accuracy of test results. By Cara Murez ... saliva sample is as good at detecting COVID-19 as a nasal swab administered by a ... the nasal swab and the oral … Saliva Equals Nasal Swab for COVID Test Accuracy. Or weird. Importance: Nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the noninvasive criterion standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the discussion, Karkus addresses whether any of the saliva COVID-19 … The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved these types of tests for diagnosing a COVID-19infection: 1. A total of 2,327 (32%) were positive on either nasopharyngeal swab or saliva. The type of specimen collected when testing for current or past infection with SARS-CoV-2 is based on the test being performed and its manufacturer’s instructions. In addition, a higher percentage of saliva samples than nasopharyngeal swab samples were positive up to 10 days after the Covid-19 diagnosis . A positive rapid antigen test result means you most likely have COVID-19. Molecular tests for viral presence through its molecular components are used to diagnose individual cases and to allow public health authorities to trace and contain outbreaks. Some doctors argue that the anal swab test couldn’t be more accurate than the throat and nasal test – because it’s a respiratory tract viral disease. Among 70 patients admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital with suspected cases of COVID-19, saliva samples often contained more copies of SARS-CoV-2 than did swab samples, and a higher percentage of saliva samples were positive up to 10 days after the initial diagnosis. While it offers other types of tests too, the saliva test is by far the most popular, making up 90% of the 13 million tests Curative has administered. COVID-19 Oral Swab Testing . This test is very simple to administer. Lateral flow tests aren't just used for COVID-19 - they can be used to test urine, saliva, sweat, fluid and other types of sample and the test is commonly used for pregnancy testing.. For COVID-19 tests, a 'monoclonal antibody' - which matches the virus or part of the virus exactly - is attached to a special strip in a test cartridge. Michael Worobey, head of … accuracy and interpretation of COVID-19 antibody test results is limited. There are also oral tests that use saliva samples to test for the virus that causes AIDS. Vault Health officials said the tests are more accurate than the nasal or mouth swab … For instance, Chan et al (7) described how the COVID-19-RdRp/Hel assay was positive for an additional 42 RdRd-P2-negative specimens [119/273 (43.6%) vs 77/273 (28.2%), … New research shows saliva tests could present a compelling alternative to other more invasive forms of COVID testing. The present gold standard for sampling is the nasopharyngeal swab method. Currently, there are two types of diagnostic tests which detect the virus – molecular tests that detect the virus’ genetic material, and antigen tests that In conclusion, the diagnostic testing is crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient can then self-swab and place the swab in transport media or sterile transport device and seal. The test is self-administered, painless, and has clinical accuracy of ~90% and 100% specificity. FRIDAY, Dec. 11, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- A self-collected saliva sample is as good at detecting COVID-19 as a nasal swab administered by a health care worker -- without exposing medical staff to the virus while collecting the sample. I wouldn’t call these sensations painful – just annoying or uncomfortable. But it could be our friend too, because it … A negative test means you probably did not have COVID-19 at the time of the test. Differing from your usual nasopharyngeal lateral flow COVID-19 test as the test only needs to enter the lower nostril therefore, reducing discomfort without compromising on accuracy. The At-Home Test Kits are completed by yourself in the comfort of your own home and is a swab test. And could “they” be “inserting something”? Testing for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing in many communities. How do I do the COVID-19 Oral Swab Test? Tammy Orozco gets a COVID-19 nasal-swab test at an Aardvark Mobile Health testing truck in Miami Beach. For In vitro diagnostic use for point-of-care cleared for the following drugs: Amphetamine, Cocaine, Marijuana, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Opiates, Oxycodone and Phencyclidine. Researchers found that the agreement between the saliva and swab administered through the mouth … Long Beach lifeguard Jeremy Rocha gives out a COVID-19 test kit at a drive-thru testing site at Long Beach's Jordan High School on April 18. And could “they” be “inserting something”? HealthDay Reporter MONDAY, April 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Testing for the COVID-19 coronavirus can be an unpleasant affair, with a doctor or nurse shoving a … The card reacts to the sample, and if COVID … On August 29, 2020, we used the PubMed tool to search the MEDLINE database using the following terms: (novel coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID19 OR COVID-19) and (PCR OR polymerase chain reaction OR NAAT OR nucleic acid amplification testing OR detection) and (saliva OR oral swabs … The sensitivity for salivary testing was overall 3.4% lower (95% confidence interval [CI], -9.9% to +3.1%) compared to the nasopharyngeal swab. The Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning about false-negative results involving the COVID-19 tests that swab the mouth. In a lab, it has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. A guide to COVID-19 tests for the public HERE WE COVER THE MAIN TESTS AVAILABLE FOR COVID-19 VIRUS STRUCTURE. However, it requires trained personnel, limiting its availability. Discover the accuracy, sensitivity, and procedure for a rapid strep test kit. Also called a molecular test, this COVID-19 test detects genetic material of the virus using a lab technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). WCPO 9 reporter's family members test positive, but not at the same time. It is possible to test for Covid-19 using saliva samples. Initially, when COVID-19 hit the United States, nasopharyngeal or a nasal swab was the only way to test… How accurate are the COVID-19 swab tests? Saliva samples are a “preferable” indicator for COVID-19 infection than the deep nasal swabs now widely used, according to a new study. Fred Turner, Curative’s founder and chief executive, said the study his company did showed the self-administered oral-swab test is “at least as accurate” as the nasal-swab test … Although lower respiratory tract samples, such as bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum specimens, demonstrate higher viral loads in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) testing is the best alternative to oropharyngeal swabs or examination of blood or stool. The KPMAS COVID-19 Test will be performed using the FDA EUA authorized Cobas® SARS-CoV-2 test kits in the Roche Cobas 6800 instrument KPMAS COVID-19 Test_Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States Early diagnosis allows for earlier medical intervention if your condition worsens. The problem is, these tests are more likely to miss active infection. Here's how the Abbott test works: a nasal swab sample of mucus is twirled onto a sample card treated with a testing reagent. Pharmacy Times® interviewed Ted Karkus, CEO of ProPhase Labs, on the differences between saliva COVID-19 tests and nasal swab COVID-19 tests and their different applications in clinical practice.ProPhase Labs recently began investigating aspects of saliva testing for COVID-19 and the variants of the virus. Turner said his company’s clinical trials have found their oral fluid collection method to be 90% accurate in detecting COVID-19. Although these are considered the “ gold standard ” of testing, they are undeniably uncomfortable. “Whether you are testing for COVID-19, influenza, or strep, the accuracy of those tests are based on performing the steps exactly as directed. The Ellume self-test includes a sterile nasal swab, dropper, processing fluid and an analyzer that … More Info. Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of saliva NAAT for COVID-19. Saliva swab beats nasal test in accuracy, consistency for COVID-19: Study. “One option you can do a self swab test, which people do at home, and they can take a swab … The Rapid Antigen Testing Service is a nasal swab antigen test to check for a current COVID … Clinicians and patients always want to know they can trust the accuracy of lab test results. How accurate are the laboratory tests used for COVID-19? Rapid access tests. The study, under peer review, was led by an Everett Clinic doctor. Saliva Equals Nasal Swab for COVID Test Accuracy. The nose swab PCR test for COVID-19 is the most accurate and reliable test for diagnosing COVID-19. Early diagnosis of infected individuals will play an important role in stopping its further escalation. In general, it requires both a positive initial test and a positive confirmatory test for a person to be considered HIV-positive. Data Sources In this systematic review, a search of the MEDLINE and medRxiv databases was conducted on August 29, 2020, to find studies of diagnostic test accuracy. The first thing you need is a swab, but for the test to work, the swabs have to be specially made. If you are experiencing a life-threatening emergency, call 911. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis has developed a saliva-based test for COVID-19 that is faster and easier than the swab tests currently in use. Thus, if the person being tested has recently had COVID-19 and completed their period of isolation, it is possible for that person to receive a negative antigen test result and a positive confirmatory NAAT, potentially indicating a persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 after recovery from COVID-19. But these tests aren’t yet as accurate as tests using nasal swabs. A test that uses saliva to diagnose COVID-19 infections has been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration for emergency use. While it offers other types of tests too, the saliva test is by far the most popular, making up 90% of the 13 million tests Curative has administered. At-home COVID tests Ellume COVID-19 Home Test. June 17, 2020, 8:16 PM. … Participants submitted to a standard nasal swab test and also collected their own saliva samples. UF Health Screen, Test & Protect unveils new saliva test to replace uncomfortable nasal swabs UF Health Screen, Test & Protect on Saturday began offering saliva coronavirus testing for UF students, faculty and staff, a method of detecting the virus that is expected to largely replace nasal swabs that are inserted deep into noses. SHIELD Illinois uses a saliva-based test that is easy to administer, scalable, sensitive and specific to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. There's no need to worry about a potentially invasive anal swab COVID-19 test in your future. Swabs play a role in the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostic testing. Option 1: Take a test prior to arrival- Test must be a COVID-19 test, obtained from a nasal/oral swab specimen through amplified Molecular testing performed by a certified lab, and the results need to be uploaded as part of the online ED Card process. A swab run around the inside of the nose combined with a saliva test would only miss 5% of positive COVID-19 cases, compared with 2% missed by nasopharyngeal swab … The research was first published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which reviewed 37 studies with 7332 samples that found that the saliva test was only 3.4% less accurate than nasopharyngeal swabs. ... testing involves a self-administered oral swab under the supervision of … ST. LOUIS – A new type of COVID test can offer relief to those who don’t want a swab stuck up their nose. What actually happens during a COVID-19 nasal swab test? A simple nasal swab is used to collect specimens from people suspected of having an active infection. A new test is capable of confirming COVID-19 using urine, blood, saliva or mouth-swab samples in 30 to 45 minutes, according to a study published Friday by the journal PLOS ONE. A professor from the School of Engineering and Applied Science hopes to implement a model that will speed up the turnaround time of test results in the University’s COVID-19 lab this summer.. Erica Gralla, an associate professor of systems engineering, said she has been conducting research at the University of Maryland since the start of the pandemic. Its mail-in COVID-19 home test comes with a gentle saliva swab that’s quick and painless. OralTox is a lateral flow immunoassay, rapid oral fluid test for simultaneous detection of up to 12 drugs. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have developed a saliva-based test for COVID-19 that is faster and easier than the swab tests currently in use. Each test includes a swab, a test card, a dropper of reagent solution, and illustrated instructions. The study also shows early testing increased rates of COVID … The research was first published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, which reviewed 37 studies with 7332 samples that found that the saliva test was only 3.4% less accurate than nasopharyngeal swabs. The laboratory we utilize has clinical trial data that is publicly available. A diagnostic test can show if you have an active coronavirus infection and should take steps to quarantine or isolate yourself from others. An appropriately designed saliva test can be highly accurate. Chris Sawyer, lab manager, and Lauren Burcea, clinical lab manager, work with test … In conclusion the scientists said: 'Supervised self-collected oral fluid and nasal swab specimens performed similarly to, if not better than clinician-collected nasopharyngeal swab … The first at-home saliva coronavirus test has been granted an emergency authorization by the FDA. It’s also the most controversial. Health care providers: Consider retesting your patients using a different test if you suspect an inaccurate result was given recentlyby the Curative SARS-Cov-2 test. In a meta-analysis, researchers found that sputum was more accurate than nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs. Recently, volunteers from the university took part in a study to evaluate the feasibility of the saliva test. A new COVID test that relies on gargling with saltwater instead of using a nasal swab shows encouraging initial results, researchers say. We find out the difference between the nasal swab and the throat swab and why there’s controversy over the two types. The coronavirus is found more prominently in the nasal cavity than in the mouth or throat, so a small number of tests from cheek swabs produce false negatives, even if … Testing; Updates . COVID-19 diagnostic testing is done to find out if you're currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). But results that are just as accurate can be obtained from a more easily acquired saliva sample, a new Yale study reports. Frequently Asked Questions COVID-19 Oral Swab Testing . Overall viral loads were similar among all positive samples (Figure). The pooled sensitivity for saliva testing … With Victoria in the midst of a coronavirus outbreak that has seen it record nearly 440 new cases in the past two weeks alone, the recent arrival of new saliva tests has been welcomed by public health officials and the media alike. It's one of 21 sites in Southern California where people can provide a sample by swishing a cotton swab around their mouths, putting it in a tube and dropping it in a receptacle on their way out — all within the comfort of their cars. By contrast, he said, the same trials showed NPS to be accurate … There are two different types of diagnostic COVID-19 tests, molecular and antigen. ... Crucially, the saliva-based test are also more accurate than the nasal swab… The test only requires a 1-2cm nostril swab unlike the standard 9-10cm swab into the rear nasal canal used in other kits. Why NBA, MLB and PGA Tour Are Ditching Nasal Swab for Saliva COVID-19 Tests. The viral test for COVID-19 is accurate when taken in ideal conditions. The institute says the saliva test has a sensitivity of around 87 per cent; in other words, if you 'spit test' 100 people who all have COVID-19, about 13 will be false negatives. Don’t put off a COVID-19 swab test out of fear about how unpleasant the procedure might be. For example, false negatives can occur in PCR tests if: the swab material inhibits the test reaction or
Landscape Drainage Contractors Near Me,
Anthony Green Prevention Songs,
Hudson Valley Brewery Distribution,
Sound Activated Dj Lights,
Creative Arts Emmy Submissions,
Plastique Tiara Rupaul,
Streets Of San Francisco Solitaire,
Palmer Drought Severity Index California,
Average Wind Speed In Minnesota,
Pharmaceutical Stocks,