Before your lumbar puncture, your doctor, nurse or other health care professional asks questions about your medical history, does a physical exam, and orders blood tests to check for bleeding or clotting disorders. In general, though, lumbar puncture results are either normal or abnormal, and if abnormal, there can be an array of causes. Your doctor will be able to diagnose any condition you might have, based upon his evaluation of all the values combined. Lumbar puncture. 2002
When a lumbar puncture is performed for diagnostic reasons, the results can be interpreted with a thorough analysis of the CSF (Table 1). A lumbar puncture can help diagnose serious infections, such as meningitis; other disorders of the central nervous system, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis; or cancers of the brain or spinal cord. Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult. The use of CSF for other purposes (including the diagnosis of specific neurological conditions, subarachnoid haemorrhage or malignancy) is outside its scope. Kulik DM, Uleryk EM, Maguire JL. For further information, see Lumbar Puncture. Increased pressure within the skull (intracranial), due to a brain tumor or other space-occupying lesion, can lead to compression of the brainstem after a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed. 80773-overview
[3, 4], WBC count: 0-5 cells/µL (< 2 polymorphonucleocytes [PMN]); normal cell counts do not rule out meningitis or any other pathology, Consider additional tests: CSF culture, others depending on clinical findings, WBC count: >100 cells/µL (>90% PMN); partially treated cases may have as low as 1 WBC/µL, Glucose level: Low (< 40% of serum glucose), Consider additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, blood cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR), others depending on clinical findings, WBC count: 10-1000 cells/µL (lymph but PMN early), Glucose level: >60% serum glucose (may be low in HSV infection), Consider additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, blood cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF PCR (eg, herpes simplex virus [HSV], varicella-zoster virus [VZV]), others depending on clinical findings, Consider additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, blood cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF PCR, CSF India ink, others depending on clinical findings, WBC count: 50-500 cells/µL (early PMN then lymph), Consider additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, blood cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF PCR, CSF tuberculosis culture/stain, others depending on clinical findings, Appearance: Xanthochromia, bloody, or clear, WBC count: (1 additional WBC per 1000 RBCs is considered normal correction), Consider additional tests: CSF Gram stain and cultures, others depending on clinical findings, Protein level: Mildly elevated (45-75 mg/dL), Consider additional tests: Oligoclonal band analysis (serum and CSF), others depending on clinical findings, Consider additional tests: Others depending on clinical findings. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected by performing a lumbar puncture on your patient. [Medline]. Interpretation of CSF results from lumbar puncture (LP) The outline below gives basic indication of patterns of disease to look for in CSF. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, See our safety precautions in response to COVID-19, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter — Digital Edition, Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system, FREE book offer – Mayo Clinic Health Letter. 1179733-overview
Microorganisms, which include bacteria, fungi and viruses, are a sign of a disease or infection. Lumbar puncture: Indications, contraindications, technique and complications in children. Normal CSF is usually clear and colorless in appearance, and if your lumbar puncture results show that your CSF is cloudy or colored, this is abnormal. Gil Z Shlamovitz, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics AssociationDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Talk to your child's doctor or nurse about whether this will be possible. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Brouwer MC, Thwaites GE, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D. Dilemmas in the diagnosis of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Wright BL, Lai JT, Sinclair AJ. Omega-3s to Prevent Alzheimer's: Who Benefits? J Neurol. What are the lumbar puncture (LP) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results of tuberculosis? For further information, see Lumbar Puncture. This is the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord to protect them from injury.A lumbar puncture can help diagnose serious infections, such as meningitis; other disorders of the central nervous system, such as G… http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=SpinalTap. Lumbar puncture: Technique, indications, contraindications, and complications in adults. For an infant or young child, someone will hold the child in position during the procedure. [Medline]. Swanson JW (expert opinion). Johnson KS, et al. Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. Accessed Feb. 19, 2018. These include: Post-lumbar puncture headache. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2011. https://www.clinicalkey.com. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is performed in your lower back, in the lumbar region. Will I need to repeat the test at some point? © 1998-2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 12, 2018. Brainstem herniation. Your health care professional generally gives you the results within a few days, but it could take longer. What Is the Connection between Lumbar Puncture and Meningitis? A local anesthetic is injected into your lower back to numb the puncture site before the needle is inserted. During a lumbar puncture, a needle is inserted between two lumbar bones (vertebrae) to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Diseases & Conditions, 2002
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