The standard form of Marāthi is spoken in the Pune area. [15], Stewart Gordon writes that the prominent Ghorpade Maratha family, for instance, was not literate and had to use Brahmins as record keepers. Widow remarriage and divorce are strictly prohibited. Traditional Indian games such as Gulli danda (Indian cricket) and Kabaddi (team wrestling) are popular. Maratha quota: the agitation, and the politics The Marathas are a politically dominant community who make up 32% of Maharashtra's population. Nag Panchami, when snakes are worshiped, is celebrated widely in Maharashtra. However, they have dominated the state politics of Maharashtra since its inception in 1960. A series of silent, peaceful ‘Maratha Kranti Morchas’ organized since 2016 stressed the demand for reservation. [42] Similarly, scholars write that the Shinde( also known as Scindia[43]) Maratha clan originated from the Kunbi caste and the Scindia's founder was a servant of the Peshwa who would carry his slippers. Bombay: Government Central Press, 1922. 3 of The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, edited by R. E. Enthoven. Within the region, however, it specifically refers to the dominant landowning and cultivating castes, the Marāthas and the Kunbis. Marathas comprise around 32 per cent of the state population. This street is also the main artery joining a village to the neighboring ones north and south. Thousands of offices and homes were also set on fire. There are regional variations in settlement patterns and house types between the coastal areas of Maharashtra and the upland plateaus. Bombay: Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State, 1968. New Delhi: Books & Books, 1996. The devotional poetry and songs of Maharashtrian saints such as Namdev (1270–1350) and Ramdas (1608–81) are among its greatest achievements. The birthday of Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of the Hindus, is a major event in Bombay. With 78.7 million people, Maharashtra is India's third largest state. An outstanding structure in such a Village might be a temple or the big house (wada ) of a rich landlord. The Maratha caste[note 1] are a Marathi clan originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the peasant (Kunbi), shepherd (Dhangar), blacksmith (Lohar), Sutar (carpenter), Bhandari, Thakar and Koli castes in Maharashtra. (October 16, 2020). "Shivaji Jayanti" (his birthday) is celebrated with folk dances, songs, plays and Puja. [48] Iravati Karve, an anthropologist, showed how the Maratha caste was generated from Kunbis who simply started calling themselves "Maratha". The devak usually is a cobra, elephant, or blade of a sword. Similarly, north Indian village exogamy is not practiced by Marathas. [131] Historian Sikata Banerjee notes a dissonance in British military opinions of the Maratha, wherein the British portrayed them as both "formidable opponents" and yet not "properly qualified" for fighting in the western manner, criticising the Maratha guerrilla tactics as an improper way of war. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/maratha. in tribute to the Maratha sovereign and their motto is Shatrujeet (victory over enemy). Maharashtra falls into three broad geographic divisions. Identification. Nevertheless, most Marathas and Kunbis are farmers. Bendur or Pola, a festival at which bulls are decorated, worshiped, and taken in procession through the villages, is popular in the parts of Maharashtra. However, the friction within the community’s leadership on the issue saw the cabinet stay on the decision later. One cannot marry someone who worships the same devak. The dominant landowning and cultivating caste in their region, the Marāthas and Kunbis are unified by a shared history and a common culture rooted in the Marāthi language. The greatest folk hero of the Marāthas is Shivaji, who is seen as the champion of the Hindu peoples against the oppression of the Muslims. [72], By the late 19th century, some Brahmins made public proclamations of their Shudra status but some moderate Brahmins were keen to ally with the influential Marathas of Bombay in the interests of Indian independence from Britain. As per details from Census 2011, Maharashtra has population of 11.24 Crores, an increase from figure of 9.69 Crore in 2001 census. [79] Additionally, a report by an independent commission in November 2018 concluded that the Maratha caste is educationally, socially and economically a backward community. : Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997. Look What We've Brought You from India: Crafts, Games, Recipes, Stories, and Other Cultural Activities from Indian Americans. Boys pretend to be horse drivers or engine drivers, while girls play with dolls or at housekeeping. Its cities include Bombay, one of the world's major urban centers (with about thirteen million people), Pune, and Nagpur. 3: Hindus…, ETHNONYMS: Tamilar, Tamilian Encyclopedia.com. There is also the fertile coastal plain of Konkan and thickly forested regions on the north and east. Among the more-affluent, bread is made from wheat flour, while rice and a greater variety of vegetables are served at meals, along with condiments and ghī (clarified butter). The campaign for the OBC-isation of the Marathas led to friction between Marathas and the resurgent, upwardly-mobile OBCs like Malis and Vanjaris. Led by the Peshwas and including the houses of Bonsla, Sindhia, Holkar, and Gaekwar, the Marāthas extended their territories as far as the Punjab in the north and Orissa in the east. In the past, the chieftains, nobles, and landowners of Maharashtra were drawn from the ranks of the Marāthas. When no male heir existed, adoption of one was the usual rule: a daughter's son could be adopted. Temples of Vishnu, Rama, Ganapati, and Maruti generally have Deshasth Brahman priests, whereas temples of Shankar (Mahadev) Generally have a Lingayat or Gurav as a priest. In June 2018, the Marathas threatened violent protests if their demands were not met. Their power came to an end with their defeat at the battle of Panipat in 1761. These hills are actually a steep escarpment facing west, making access to the interior difficult. Outside the area, the term Maratha loosely identifies people who speak Marathi. [126], Norman Gash says that the Maratha infantry was equal to that of British infantry. Marāthas who claim ksatriya (warrior) status will perform the sacred-thread ceremony for their sons between the ages of 10 and 12. Beedi smoking is Common among the men. 1975. Among the poor, a typical meal consists of millet bread eaten with chopped chilies and lentils (dal). Kunbis reap the benefits of this status and, being upwardly mobile, tend to dominate the other groups, like the Malis and Ahirs, which are accorded the same OBC status. [127][128] Despite praising the military prowess of the Marathas, the British considered them inferior to Sikhs and Gurkhas in terms of other masculine traits due to prevailing Christian notions of being a "man at arm" in battlefield i.e., they disapproved of Maratha utilisation of guerrilla warfare in combat along with their uncharitable and ruthless attitudes. Shalant, Phyllis. India in the Islamic Era and Southeast Asia (8th to 19th century). Polygyny is allowed and practiced, but polyandry is unknown. Thus, "Mother's Fifth" and "Sixth" are extremely important and are accompanied by rituals to protect the infant. A Muslim general, feigning friendship, arranged a meeting with Shivaji in order to kill him. In the extreme north is Tapti River, which flows west to the Arabian Sea. In an incident still remembered by both Hindus and Muslims, Shivaji embraced the general and killed him with steel claws attached to his hands before the Muslim could stab him with a concealed dagger. In villages, Shiva is worshiped in several forms. Despite their position as the dominant cultivator caste in Maharashtra, Kunbis are classified as Other Backward Castes (OBCs), whereas other groups such as the Marāthi Brahmins are not. Maratha men wear a dhoti (loincloth made by wrapping a long piece of white cotton around the waist and then drawing the end between the legs and tucking it into the waist) or short trousers, known as cholnas. These claims are made only by the Marathas proper (i.e., the chiefs, landowners, and fighting clans). While those supporting the EWS demand are close to the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), which is part of the reigning Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) and is compelled to perform a balancing act on the issue, others sticking to the SEBC claim, like Sambhajiraje and legislator Vinayak Mete are affiliated to the opposition BJP. "Marathas Popular indoor games include chess, cards, and carrom (a board game in which counters are used to knock one's opponent's counters into pockets). Jaffrelot writes that this process where Shudras pretend to be Kshatriyas and follow their customs is called "Kshatriyatization" and is a variation of Sanskritization. "Marathas However, among some low caste groups a dej (bride-price) is paid to the girl's father.
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